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Experimental study on saturated flow boiling heat transfer of R290/R152a binary mixtures in a horizontal

Xin ZOU, Maoqiong GONG, Gaofei CHEN, Zhaohu SUN, Jianfeng WU

Frontiers in Energy 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 527-534 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0109-7

Abstract: An experimental study on the saturated flow boiling heat transfer for a binary mixture of R290/R152aThe result shows that the total mean deviation is 10.41% for R290/R152a mixtures, with 97.6% of the predictions

Keywords： flow boiling heat transfer binary mixture R290/R152a

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Optimization of cellulase production using

Saravanan P, Muthuvelayudham R, Rajesh Kannan R, Viruthagiri T

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 443-452 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1225-1

Abstract: The potential of for cellulase production using pineapple waste as substrate has been investigated. A maximum cellulase activity of 9.23 U/mL is obtained under the optimum experimental conditions: pH (5.5), temperature (37.5°C), initial substrate concentration (3%), inoculum concentration (6.6 × 10 ?CFU/mL), and culture time (6 days). Box-Behnken design (BBD) statistical tool and genetic algorithm (GA) are used to optimize the process parameters. The BBD study of linear and quadratic interactive effects of experimental variables on the desired response of cellulase activity showed that the second order polynomial is significant ( = 0.9414). The experimental cellulase activity under the optimal conditions identified by the BBD is 9.23 U/mL and that by GA is 6.98 U/mL. This result indicates that the BBD model gives better result than GA in the present case.

Keywords： cellulase pineapple waste Trichoderma reesei Box-Behnken design genetic algorithm

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Opinion: Agriculture Green Development

John R. PORTER

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 117-119 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019315

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Design concepts of an aircraft wing: composite and morphing airfoil with auxetic structures

P R BUDARAPU,Sudhir Sastry Y B,R NATARAJAN

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 394-408 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0352-z

Abstract: This paper is categorized into two parts. (1) A frame work to design the aircraft wing structure and (2) analysis of a morphing airfoil with auxetic structure. The developed design frame work in the first part is used to arrive at the sizes of the various components of an aircraft wing structure. The strength based design is adopted, where the design loads are extracted from the aerodynamic loads. The aerodynamic loads acting on a wing structure are converted to equivalent distributed loads, which are further converted point loads to arrive at the shear forces, bending and twisting moments along the wing span. Based on the estimated shear forces, bending and twisting moments, the strength based design is employed to estimate the sizes of various sections of a composite wing structure. A three dimensional numerical model of the composite wing structure has been developed and analyzed for the extreme load conditions. Glass fiber reinforced plastic material is used in the numerical analysis. The estimated natural frequencies are observed to be in the acceptable limits. Furthermore, the discussed design principles in the first part are extended to the design of a morphing airfoil with auxetic structure. The advantages of the morphing airfoil with auxetic structure are (i) larger displacement with limited straining of the components and (ii) unique deformation characteristics, which produce a theoretical in-plane Poisson’s ratio of −1. Aluminum Alloy AL6061-T651 is considered in the design of all the structural elements. The compliance characteristics of the airfoil are investigated through a numerical model. The numerical results are observed to be in close agreement with the experimental results in the literature.

Keywords： wing design aerodynamic loads morphing airfoil auxetic structures negative Poisson’s ratio

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A photolysis coefficient for characterizing the response of aqueous constituents to photolysis

David R. HOKANSON,Ke LI,R. Rhodes TRUSSELL

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 428-437 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0780-3

Abstract: UV photolysis and UV based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are gaining more and more attention for drinking water treatment. Quantum yield ( ) and molar absorption coefficient ( ) are the two critical parameters measuring the effectiveness of photolysis of a compound. The product of the two was proposed as a fundamental measure of a constituent’s amenability to transformation by photolysis. It was shown that this product, named the photolysis coefficient, , can be determined using standard bench tests and captures the properties that govern a constituent’s transformation when exposed to light. The development showed the photolysis coefficient to be equally useful for microbiological, inorganic and organic constituents. Values of calculated by the authors based on quantum yield and molar absorption coefficient data from the literature were summarized. Photolysis coefficients among microorganisms ranged from 8500 to more than 600000 and are far higher than for inorganic and organic compounds, which varied over a range of approximately 10 to 1000 and are much less sensitive to UV photolysis than the microorganisms.

Keywords： UV photolysis disinfection advanced oxidation N-nitrosodimethylamine quantum yield absorption coefficient

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ZnO nanorefrigerant in R152a refrigeration system for energy conservation and green environment

SENDIL KUMAR,R. ELANSEZHIAN

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2014, Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages 75-80 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0285-y

Abstract: on the basis of the concept of the nanofluids, which was prepared by mixing ZnO nanoparticles with R152aThe conventional refrigerant R134a has a global warming potential (GWP) of 1300 whereas R152a has a significantZnO nanoparticles with refrigerant mixture were used in HFC R152a refrigeration system.of nano ZnO ranges in the order of 0.1% v, 0.3% v and 0.5%v with particle size of 50 nm and 150 g of R152aThe usage of R152a with zero ozone depleting potential (ODP) and very less GWP and thus provides a green

Keywords： ZnO nanorefrigerant reduced GWP COP pressure ratio green energy

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Animal Nutrition and Feed Science

Adrian R. Egan

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 5, Pages 586-587 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.05.025

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Exergy analysis of R1234ze(Z) as high temperature heat pump working fluid with multi-stage compression

WANG, R.Z. WANG

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 493-502 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0510-6

Abstract: approach and exergy analysis of multi-stage compression high temperature heat pump (HTHP) systems with R1234ze

Keywords： multi-stage compression high temperature heat pump heat recovery exergy destruction R1234ze(Z) working

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Improvement potential of today’s WEEE recycling performance: The case of LCD TVs in Belgium

Paul Vanegas, Jef R. Peeters, Dirk Cattrysse, Wim Dewulf, Joost R. Duflou

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 5, doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-1000-0

Abstract: Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) constitutes one of the most relevant waste streams because of the quantity and presence of valuable materials. However, there is limited knowledge on the resource potential of urban mining WEEE, as data on material composition, and the efficiency of current recycling treatments are still scarce. In this article, an evaluation of the recycling performance at a national level for one of the fastest growing e-waste streams: LCD TVs is carried out through the following four steps. Firstly, material characterisation is performed by means of sampling of the waste stream. Secondly, a material flow analysis is conducted by evaluating the separation performance of a recycling plant in Belgium. Thirdly, the recovered economic value and avoided environmental impact (EI) of the analysed recycling system is assessed. Finally, the potential of urban mining for Belgium is forecasted. The analysis shows that while recycling performance for ferrous metals and aluminium are relatively high; there is substantial room to better close the material loops for precious metals (PM) and plastics. PMs and plastics account for 66 % of the economic value in LCD TVs and 57% of the EI. With the current, commonly applied recycling technology only one-third of the PM and housing plastics are recycled; meaning that for these materials, at a national level for Belgium, there is a potential for improvement that represents 3.3 million euros in 2016 and 6.8 million euros in 2025.

Keywords： Recycling Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) Material flow analysis LCD TVs Precious metals Plastics

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Evaluating R&D efficiency of China’s listed lithium battery enterprises

Frontiers of Engineering Management Pages 473-485 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0213-5

Abstract: However, despite significant support on research and development (R&D) investments that have resultedTo guide future policies and understand proper ways of promoting R&D efficiency, we looked into the lithiumResults revealed little indication of a meaningful improvement in R&D efficiency throughout our sampleHowever, during this period, a significant increase in R&D expenditure was witnessed.rather, it should also encompass assisting businesses in developing efficient managerial processes for R&

Keywords： Data Envelopment Analysis R&D investment efficiency China’s listed lithium battery enterprises technical

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Significant progress in solution of nonlinear equations at displacement of structure and heat transfer extended surface by new AGM approach

R. AKBARI,D. D. GANJI,M. NIMAFAR,A. R. AHMADI

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2014, Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages 390-401 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0313-y

Abstract:

In this paper, we aim to promote the capability of solving two complicated nonlinear differential equations: 1) Static analysis of the structure with variable cross section areas and materials with slope-deflection method; 2) the problem of one dimensional heat transfer with a logarithmic various surface A(x) and a logarithmic various heat generation G(x) with a simple and innovative approach entitled “Akbari-Ganji’s method” (AGM). Comparisons are made between AGM and numerical method, the results of which reveal that this method is very effective and simple and can be applied for other nonlinear problems. It is significant that there are some valuable advantages in this method and also most of the differential equations sets can be answered in this manner while in other methods there is no guarantee to obtain the good results up to now. Brief excellences of this method compared to other approaches are as follows: 1) Differential equations can be solved directly by this method; 2) without any dimensionless procedure, equation(s) can be solved; 3) it is not necessary to convert variables into new ones. According to the aforementioned assertions which are proved in this case study, the process of solving nonlinear equation(s) is very easy and convenient in comparison to other methods.

Keywords： AGM extended surface heat transfer slope-deflection method

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Strategies to reduce nutrient pollution from manure management in China

David R. CHADWICK, John R.

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 45-55 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019293

Abstract:

As the demand for livestock products continues to increase in China, so too does the challenge of managing increasing quantities of manure. Urgent action is needed to control point source (housing, storage and processing) and diffuse (field application) pollution and improve the utilization of manure nutrients and organic matter. Here, we review strategies to improve management at each stage of the manure management chain and at different scales. Many strategies require infrastructure investment, e.g., for containment of all manure fractions. Engineering solutions are needed to develop advanced composting systems with lower environmental footprints and design more efficient nutrient stripping technologies. At the field-scale, there is an urgent need to develop a manure nutrient recommendation system that accounts for the range of manure types, cropping systems, soils and climates throughout China. At the regional scale, coordinated planning is necessary to promote recoupling of livestock and cropping systems, and reduce nutrient accumulation in regions with little available landbank, while minimizing the risk of pollution swapping from one region to another. A range of stakeholders are needed to support the step change and innovation required to improve manure management, reduce reliance on inorganic fertilizers, and generate new business opportunities.

Keywords： cropping farms livestock production manure management chain recoupling nutrient loss

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Optimal dynamic emergency reserve activation using spinning, hydro and demand-side reserves

R. BIJWE,A. R. ABHYANKAR

Frontiers in Energy 2016, Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 409-423 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0431-9

Abstract: This paper proposes an optimal dynamic reserve activation plan after the occurrence of an emergency situation (generator/transmission line outage, load increase or both). An optimal plan is developed to handle the emergency, using the coordinated action of fast and slow reserves, for secure operation with minimum overall cost. It considers the reserves supplied by the conventional thermal generators (spinning reserves), hydro power units and load demands (demand-side reserves). The optimal backing down of costly/fast reserves and bringing up of slow reserves in each sub-interval in an integrated manner is proposed. The proposed reserve activation approaches are solved using the genetic algorithm, and some of the simulation results are also compared using the Matlab optimization toolbox and the general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) software. The simulation studies are performed on the IEEE 30, 57 and 300 bus test systems. These results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed integrated/dynamic reserve activation plan over the conventional/sequential approach.

Keywords： demand-side reserves dynamic reserve activation approach hydro power units post contingency sequential reserve activation approach spinning reserves

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Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance Editorial

Jiangzhong Shen, Timothy R. Walsh

Engineering 2022, Volume 15, Issue 8, Pages 1-2 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.003

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Estimation of relations among hysteretic response measures and design parameters for RC rectangular shear walls

R. BANAN, Mo. R. BANAN, S. FARHADI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages 3-15 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0418-6

Abstract: Seismic design of RC structures requires estimation of structural member behavioral measures as functions of design parameters. In this study, the relations among cyclic behavioral measures and design parameters have been investigated for rectangular RC shear walls using numerical simulations calibrated based on the published laboratory tests. The OpenSEES numerical simulations modeling of plastic hinge hysteretic behavior of RC shear walls and estimation of empirical relations among wall hysteretic indices and design parameters are presented. The principal design parameters considered were wall dimensions, axial force, reinforcement ratios, and end-element design parameters. The estimated hysteretic response measures are wall effective stiffness, yield and ultimate curvatures, plastic moment capacity, yield and ultimate displacements, flexural shear capacity, and dissipated energy. Using results of numerous analyses, the empirical relations among wall cyclic behavioral measures and design parameters are developed and their accuracy is investigated.

Keywords： RC wall hysteretic measures RC wall design parameters empirical relations numerical simulations RC rectangular wall plastic hinge